For learning how to differentiate different kinds of distortion, Harman has an app called How to Listen. You might have to change the sample rate fed to the DAC for it to work though.

A really intuitive interface (with good keyboard support) for listening to differences in lossy codex is found here.

If you want to differentiate between different sonic profiles, download Equalizer APO, put in a bunch of profiles from autoeq.app, and toggle between them to your heart’s content.